Acute renal failure case study

Ⅰ. 서론(질병에 대한 문헌고찰)

Acute renal failure, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, resulting in the accumulation of metabolic waste products, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and disturbances in acid-base homeostasis. This condition can arise abruptly, often over a period of hours to days, and poses significant clinical challenges due to its varied etiology, ranging from pre-renal factors such as hypovolemia and decreased cardiac output to intrinsic renal causes, including acute tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis, as well as post-renal obstruction. The spectrum of acute renal failure is broad, and its management often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving nephrologists, clinicians, and nursing staff to optimize patient outcomes. In contemporary medical practice, the incidence of AKI has been on the rise, fueled by increasing awareness, advancements in diagnostic criteria, and a growi…(생략)