1. Title
Changing cell culture media, commonly referred to as refreshing the media, is a crucial aspect of cell culture practices that ensures the health and viability of cultured cells. This process involves the careful removal of old media, which may contain depleted nutrients, accumulated waste products, and potentially toxic metabolites, and the subsequent addition of fresh media that provides the essential nutrients and growth factors needed for optimal cell growth and function. Properly refreshing the media is vital for maintaining the physiological environment that cells require for proliferation, differentiation, and overall metabolic activity. The media in which cells are cultured typically contains a balanced mixture of amino acids, vitamins, salts, glucose, and other supplements that mimic the conditions found in vivo. Over time, as cells grow and metabolize these components, their concentrations can become altered, leading to suboptimal growth conditions. For instance,
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